Security and Privacy for Green IoT-based Agriculture: Review, Blockchain solutions, and Challenges

open access articleThis paper presents research challenges on security and privacy issues in the field of green IoT-based agriculture. We start by describing a four-tier green IoT-based agriculture architecture and summarizing the existing surveys that deal with smart agriculture. Then, we provide a classification of threat models against green IoT-based agriculture into five categories, including, attacks against privacy, authentication, confidentiality, availability, and integrity properties. Moreover, we provide a taxonomy and a side-by-side comparison of the state-of-the-art methods toward secure and privacy-preserving technologies for IoT applications and how they will be adapted for green IoT-based agriculture. In addition, we analyze the privacy-oriented blockchain-based solutions as well as consensus algorithms for IoT applications and how they will be adapted for green IoT-based agriculture. Based on the current survey, we highlight open research challenges and discuss possible future research directions in the security and privacy of green IoT-based agriculture

Combining security and reliability of critical infrastructures: The concept of securability

The digital revolution has made people more dependent on ICT technology to perform everyday tasks, whether at home or at work. The systems that support critical aspects of this smart way of living are characterized as critical, and the security level of such systems is higher as compared to others. The definition of the criticality of a system is a rather difficult exercise, and for that reason, we have seen novel cybersecurity regulations to introduce the idea of digital managed services, which include security monitoring, managed network services, or the outsourcing of business processes that are are critical to the functioning, reliability, and availability of Critical National Infrastructures (CNIs). Moreover, ENISA recently issued a new report that deals with supply chain attacks. Those attacks target any chain of the ecosystem of processes, people, organizations, and distributors involved in the creation and delivery of a final solution or product that can be used or incorporated into a CNI, thus further extending the scope of the security posture of a system

Blockchain Based Voting Systems

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Voting is an essential tool for any democratic government. It is the most important factor that makes the government for the people, by the people. It is surprising that many countries in the world haven’t moved on from traditional paper ballot system of voting. There are some countries that have taken a forward step by using Electronic voting ma- chines. As simple as it may sound, there are a lot of issues with these systems. Between having to physically go to the venues and standing in long queue at the polling station to counting the vote by hand the entire process is time consuming at the same time expensive. Malicious actors have many avenues to influence paper ballot based elections using intimidation at the polling booth by capturing the ballot box or stuffing the box by fake votes. Similarly, in Electronic voting machines, a highly motivated group can get hold of the machine and change the chip so whichever button is pressed, all the votes go to one political party. Another issue is it whether it is impossible to keep track of the votes. How can we be sure that our vote was counted or perhaps in case of ballot paper, not thrown away? The present article discusses ways of bringing voting systems into the 21st century by using the Blockchain Technolog

DeliveryCoin: An IDS and Blockchain-Based Delivery Framework for Drone-Delivered Services

In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) and Blockchain-based delivery framework, called DeliveryCoin, for drone-delivered services. The DeliveryCoin framework consists of four phases, including system initialization phase, creating the block, updating the blockchain, and intrusion detection phase. To achieve privacy-preservation, the DeliveryCoin framework employs hash functions and short signatures without random oracles and the Strong Diffie–Hellman (SDH) assumption in bilinear groups. To achieve consensus inside the blockchain-based delivery platform, we introduce a UAV-aided forwarding mechanism, named pBFTF. We also propose an IDS system in each macro eNB (5G) for detecting self-driving network attacks as well as false transactions between self-driving nodes. Furthermore, extensive simulations are conducted, and results confirm the efficiency of our proposed DeliveryCoin framework in terms of latency of blockchain consensus and accuracy

Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence as Enablers of Cyber Security in the Era of IoT and IIoT Applications

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Intrusion Detection in Critical Infrastructures: A literature review

open access articlever the years, the digitization of all aspects of life in modern societies is considered an acquired advantage. However, like the terrestrial world, the digital world is not perfect and many dangers and threats are present. In the present work, we conduct a systematic review of the methods of network detection and cyber attacks that can take place in critical infrastructure. As it is shown, the implementation of a system that learns from the system behavior (machine learning), on multiple levels and spots any diversity, is one of the most effective solutions

Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructures: Challenges and Solutions

People’s lives are becoming more and more dependent on information and computer technology. This is accomplished by the enormous benefits that the ICT offers for everyday life. Digital technology creates an avenue for communication and networking, which is characterized by the exchange of data, some of which are considered sensitive or private. There have been many reports recently of data being hijacked or leaked, often for malicious purposes. Maintaining security and privacy of information and systems has become a herculean task. It is therefore imperative to understand how an individual’s or organization’s personal data can be protected. Moreover, critical infrastructures are vital resources for the public safety, economic well-being and national security